Nussbaum identified three capacities essential to democracy: critical self-examination, the ability to see oneself as a global citizen, and narrative imagination. The third, she argued, was perhaps the most essential. Drawing on Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man, she explained that the hero's invisibility to white society was not a biological accident but an imaginative and educational failing. She warned that human beings are capable of what psychologist Robert Jay Lifton called 'splitting,' living lives rich in empathy with their own group while denying humanity to others. Good citizenship requires challenging and extending our imaginative capacity to see the world from the perspective of groups we typically try not to see. The arts and humanities are where this capacity is cultivated.